Public and international debates about security and peace in cyberspace and the potential risks of catastrophic cyber conflicts have intensified in recent years. The West has been especially keen to advocate an "open, secure, and peaceful" cyberspace; yet states are preparing for effective cyber defence and have long been actively pursuing intelligence operations in cyberspace. The risk of cyberattacks with fatal consequences is rising because the modern world is becoming increasingly networked and computerized. This trend will accompany the continued push for digitization. Key topics include the Internet of things (IoT) and advanced manufacturing (think 3D printers), as well as the debate around artificial intelligence.
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