Debates on military intervention and small wars often include the claim that soldiers should operate among civilians in order to avoid civilian casualties and to protect civilians against third-party violence. IFSH military and police expert Cornelius Friesendorf, by contrast, points at negative unintended consequences of military operations taking place in close proximity to local populations: he argues that also risk-tolerant militaries cause civilian casualties and that their presence triggers third-party violence against civilians.
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Cornelius Friesendorf (2019): British operations among the people and civilian risk, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 30:3, 615-640.