On June 16-17, IFSH organized an international conference at the representation of the city of Hamburg in Berlin, titled “Between Control and Cooperation: Dual-use, technology transfers and the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction.” Thirty academic experts and practitioners discussed how to improve controls on proliferation-sensitive dual-use technologies without unduly hampering their peaceful application. The workshop, which was also supported by the German Federal Foreign Office, was part of a research project funded by the German Foundation for Peace Research on dual-use technology controls.